Overview
In achalasia, the nerves in the wall of the oesophagus (food pipe) are damaged. The muscles stop pushing food down and the valve at the lower end stays tight, so food and liquid build up in the oesophagus.
Symptoms
- Difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids, which slowly gets worse
- Regurgitation of undigested food
- Chest pain or heartburn
- Coughing at night
- Weight loss
Causes and risk factors
The exact cause is not known. It may be linked to an immune reaction or a viral infection that damages the nerves of the oesophagus. It can occur at any age but is most common in adults between 25 and 60.
Diagnosis
Tests include a barium swallow X-ray, an endoscopy to rule out other causes, and oesophageal manometry, which measures pressure and muscle movement in the oesophagus.
Treatment
Treatment aims to open the tight valve. Options include balloon dilation, surgery to cut the muscle (Heller myotomy, often done by keyhole surgery), an endoscopic myotomy, or Botox injections for people who cannot have surgery.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have difficulty swallowing that lasts or worsens, food sticking in the chest, or unexplained weight loss.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
