Overview
Acne happens when hair follicles become blocked with oil and dead skin cells. It is most common in teenagers but can affect adults. Effective treatments are available and help prevent scarring.
Symptoms
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Red, tender bumps and pus-filled pimples
- Painful lumps or cysts under the skin
- Usually on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders
Causes and risk factors
Hormonal changes at puberty, during periods or with polycystic ovary syndrome increase oil production. Other factors include family history, certain medicines, heavy or oily cosmetics, and stress. Diet may play a role for some people.
Diagnosis
Acne is diagnosed by looking at the skin. Blood tests may be suggested if hormonal problems are suspected.
Treatment
Mild acne often improves with gentle cleansing and creams containing benzoyl peroxide, retinoids or antibiotics. Moderate to severe acne may need antibiotic tablets, hormonal treatment or isotretinoin under specialist supervision.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if acne does not improve with simple treatment, causes painful cysts or scarring, or affects your confidence and well-being.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
