Overview
Anaemia means the blood cannot carry as much oxygen as the body needs. Iron deficiency is the most common cause, but anaemia can also result from vitamin deficiencies, blood loss, long-term illness or inherited conditions such as thalassaemia.
Symptoms
- Tiredness and weakness
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath or a fast heartbeat, especially on exertion
- Dizziness or headaches
- Cold hands and feet
Causes and risk factors
- Low iron intake or poor absorption
- Blood loss, including heavy menstrual periods or bleeding from the gut
- Pregnancy
- Low vitamin B12 or folate
- Long-term kidney disease or other chronic illness
- Inherited blood disorders such as thalassaemia
Diagnosis
A complete blood count (CBC) shows the haemoglobin level and the size of red blood cells. Further tests, such as iron studies and vitamin B12 and folate levels, help find the cause.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. It may include iron or vitamin supplements, dietary advice, treating the source of any blood loss and, in some cases, blood transfusion. Anaemia linked to another condition is managed alongside that condition.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you feel unusually tired, breathless or pale. Seek urgent care for chest pain, fainting or signs of heavy bleeding.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
