Overview
Premature babies have immature breathing control, so they may stop breathing for short periods, which can slow the heart rate. These episodes usually improve as the baby grows and reaches full term.
Signs
- Pauses in breathing lasting 20 seconds or more
- Slowing of the heart rate
- Pale or bluish skin during an episode
- Low oxygen levels on monitors
Causes and risk factors
The main cause is prematurity. Episodes can also be triggered or worsened by infection, anaemia, low blood sugar, temperature changes, reflux or some medicines.
Diagnosis
Babies in the neonatal unit are monitored continuously for breathing, heart rate and oxygen levels. Tests check for other causes such as infection.
Treatment
Treatment includes gentle stimulation during episodes, caffeine medicine, breathing support if needed and treating any underlying cause. Babies usually go home once episodes have stopped.
When to see a doctor
In hospital, the neonatal team monitors this closely. At home, call for emergency help if a baby stops breathing, turns blue or becomes limp.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
