Overview
Asthma affects the airways that carry air to the lungs. During an asthma attack, the airways tighten and produce extra mucus, making it hard to breathe. With the right treatment, most people with asthma lead full, active lives.
Symptoms
- Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing)
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Cough, often worse at night or early in the morning
Causes and risk factors
- Allergens such as dust mites, pollen and pet dander
- Smoke, air pollution and strong fumes
- Respiratory infections
- Exercise or cold air
- A family history of asthma or allergies
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and breathing tests such as spirometry (lung function testing), which measures how well air moves in and out of the lungs.
Treatment
Treatment usually combines preventer inhalers that control airway inflammation with reliever inhalers for quick relief of symptoms. Avoiding triggers and following a personal asthma action plan help prevent attacks.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have an ongoing cough or wheezing, or if you need your reliever inhaler often. Seek emergency care if breathing is very difficult, your lips turn blue, or your reliever inhaler does not help.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
