Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Overview

BPPV happens when tiny crystals in the inner ear move into the wrong place and disturb the balance system. It is harmless and usually treatable with simple head movements.

Symptoms

• Brief spinning sensation (vertigo) lasting less than a minute
• Triggered by lying down, rolling over in bed, looking up or bending
• Nausea
• Unsteadiness

Causes and risk factors

Often there is no clear cause. It is more common with age and can follow a head injury or inner-ear infection.

Diagnosis

A doctor diagnoses it with specific positional tests that reproduce the vertigo and characteristic eye movements.

Treatment

Repositioning manoeuvres, such as the Epley manoeuvre, move the crystals back into place and are usually very effective. Exercises can be done at home if symptoms return.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor for recurring dizziness. Seek emergency care if vertigo comes with a severe headache, slurred speech, weakness, numbness or double vision.