Overview
Bladder cancer is more common in older adults and in men. Most cases are found early, when they are very treatable, but they can come back, so regular follow-up is important.
Symptoms
- Blood in the urine, often painless
- Passing urine more often or urgently
- Pain or burning when passing urine
- Lower back or pelvic pain in advanced cases
Causes and risk factors
Smoking is the biggest risk factor. Others include exposure to certain industrial chemicals and dyes, older age, chronic bladder irritation and previous pelvic radiotherapy.
Diagnosis
Tests include urine tests, a cystoscopy (camera examination of the bladder), a biopsy and CT scans.
Treatment
Early cancers are removed through the urethra with a cystoscope, sometimes followed by medicine placed into the bladder. More advanced cancers may need removal of the bladder, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you see blood in your urine, even once and even without pain.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
