Overview
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and can, rarely, affect men. When found early, it is often highly treatable. Being aware of how your breasts normally look and feel, and attending screening, helps detect changes early.
Symptoms
- A new lump or thickening in the breast or armpit
- A change in the size or shape of the breast
- Dimpling or puckering of the skin
- Nipple changes, including a nipple that turns inward
- Discharge from the nipple, especially if bloody
Causes and risk factors
- Increasing age
- A family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Inherited gene changes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
- Early periods, late menopause, or having a first child later in life or no children
- Obesity, alcohol and physical inactivity
Diagnosis
Diagnosis may include a clinical breast examination, mammography, ultrasound and a biopsy to examine cells under a microscope.
Treatment
Treatment is planned by a multidisciplinary team and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of the cancer.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor promptly if you notice a new lump or any change in your breast. Most breast lumps are not cancer, but every change should be checked.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
