Overview
Chiari malformation is usually present from birth. Many people have no symptoms, while others develop headaches and nerve problems that need surgery.
Symptoms
- Headache at the back of the head, often triggered by coughing or straining
- Neck pain
- Dizziness and balance problems
- Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
- Swallowing difficulty or hoarseness
Causes and risk factors
It usually results from the skull being smaller than normal during development. It can be linked to spina bifida and syringomyelia.
Diagnosis
MRI of the brain and spine confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment
People without symptoms may only need monitoring. Surgery (posterior fossa decompression) creates more space and relieves pressure when symptoms are significant.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for headaches triggered by coughing or straining, or for balance problems, numbness or swallowing difficulty.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
