Overview
The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), they slowly lose this ability. CKD often causes no symptoms in its early stages, so testing people at risk is important. Advanced CKD may need dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Symptoms
- Often no symptoms in the early stages
- Swelling of the legs, ankles or face
- Tiredness and weakness
- Changes in how much you urinate
- Poor appetite, nausea or itching in later stages
Causes and risk factors
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis) or blockages such as kidney stones
- Long-term use of some painkillers
- A family history of kidney disease
Diagnosis
Blood tests (creatinine and estimated GFR) and urine tests (for protein) show how well the kidneys are working. An ultrasound may be used to look at the kidneys.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on slowing kidney damage by controlling blood pressure and blood sugar, reviewing medicines and following dietary advice. Kidney failure is treated with dialysis or a kidney transplant.
When to see a doctor
Have regular kidney checks if you have diabetes or high blood pressure. See a doctor if you notice swelling, passing less urine or persistent tiredness.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
