Overview
Gluten is found in wheat, barley and rye. In coeliac disease, the immune system reacts to gluten and damages the gut, affecting how nutrients are absorbed. A lifelong gluten-free diet controls it.
Symptoms
- Diarrhoea, bloating and abdominal pain
- Weight loss or poor growth in children
- Tiredness and anaemia
- Mouth ulcers and an itchy rash
- Some people have few or no symptoms
Causes and risk factors
It is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten in people with certain genes. A family history, type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease increase the risk.
Diagnosis
Blood tests look for specific antibodies, and an endoscopy with a biopsy of the small intestine confirms the diagnosis. You should keep eating gluten until tests are done.
Treatment
Treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet, with help from a dietitian. Vitamin and iron supplements may be needed.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have ongoing diarrhoea, bloating, unexplained anaemia or weight loss.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
