Overview
COPD is a group of lung conditions, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that narrow the airways and damage the lungs. It usually gets worse over time, but treatment can ease symptoms and improve quality of life.
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity
- A long-lasting cough with mucus
- Wheezing and chest tightness
- Frequent chest infections
Causes and risk factors
- Smoking, including shisha and second-hand smoke
- Long exposure to indoor smoke from cooking or heating fuels
- Dust, chemical fumes and air pollution
- Repeated lung infections
Diagnosis
Spirometry (lung function testing) confirms COPD. A chest X-ray or CT scan and blood oxygen tests may also be used.
Treatment
Stopping smoking is the most important step. Treatment may include inhalers, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations to prevent infections and, for some patients, oxygen therapy.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have a lasting cough or breathlessness. Seek urgent care if your breathing becomes much worse, or if your lips or fingertips turn blue.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
