Cushing's Syndrome

Overview

Cushing's syndrome can be caused by long-term steroid medicines or by the body making too much cortisol. It is treatable once the cause is found.

Symptoms

• Weight gain, especially in the face, upper back and abdomen
• Thin skin that bruises easily and purple stretch marks
• Muscle weakness
• High blood pressure and high blood sugar
• Mood changes and irregular periods

Causes and risk factors

The most common cause is long-term use of steroid medicines. Other causes are tumours of the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease), adrenal glands or, rarely, elsewhere.

Diagnosis

Tests include urine, saliva and blood tests for cortisol, special suppression tests and scans of the pituitary or adrenal glands.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause and may include gradually reducing steroid medicines, surgery to remove a tumour, radiotherapy or medicines that lower cortisol.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if you notice weight gain with easy bruising, stretch marks, weakness and high blood pressure. Do not stop steroid medicines suddenly without medical advice.