Diabetes in Children

Overview

Children with diabetes need care tailored to their age, growth and school life. With good support, they can take part fully in normal activities.

Symptoms

• Excessive thirst and urination
• Bedwetting
• Weight loss
• Tiredness and irritability
• Vomiting, abdominal pain and fast breathing in diabetic ketoacidosis

Causes and risk factors

Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune. Type 2 diabetes in children is linked to obesity, inactivity and family history. Rare forms include monogenic diabetes.

Diagnosis

Blood sugar, HbA1c, ketone and antibody tests confirm the type of diabetes.

Treatment

Treatment includes insulin for type 1, lifestyle changes and medicines for type 2, glucose monitoring and education for children, families and schools.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor promptly for excessive thirst, frequent urination and weight loss in a child. Seek emergency care for vomiting, fast breathing or drowsiness.