Overview
Ductal carcinoma can be in situ (DCIS), meaning the abnormal cells are confined to the ducts, or invasive, meaning they have spread into breast tissue. Both are very treatable when found early.
Symptoms
- A lump or thickening in the breast or armpit
- Changes in breast size or shape
- Dimpling or puckering of the skin
- Nipple discharge, inversion or rash
- DCIS is often found on a mammogram without symptoms
Causes and risk factors
Risk factors include older age, family history, inherited gene changes such as BRCA, early periods or late menopause, obesity and alcohol.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis uses breast examination, mammography, ultrasound and a biopsy. Further tests check the cancer's type and spread.
Treatment
Treatment may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor promptly for any new breast lump or change. Women should be breast aware and follow screening advice.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
