Overview
This condition often starts in one leg or arm and may spread to other parts of the body. Treatment can improve movement and quality of life.
Symptoms
- Twisting or turning of a foot or hand
- Abnormal postures of the limbs or trunk
- Difficulty walking or writing
- Symptoms that worsen with activity or stress
Causes and risk factors
It is often caused by a change in the TOR1A (DYT1) gene, which can be inherited.
Diagnosis
A neurologist makes the diagnosis based on symptoms and examination, supported by genetic testing.
Treatment
Treatment includes medicines, botulinum toxin injections for focal symptoms, physiotherapy and, for severe cases, deep brain stimulation surgery.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if a child develops twisting movements or unusual postures that do not go away.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
