Fibroids

Overview

Fibroids are very common, especially in women in their 30s and 40s. Many cause no symptoms, but some cause heavy periods, pain or pressure.

Symptoms

• Heavy or long periods
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Needing to pass urine often
• Constipation
• A swollen abdomen
• Difficulty getting pregnant or pregnancy complications in some cases

Causes and risk factors

Their growth is linked to oestrogen and progesterone. Risk factors include a family history, obesity and never having been pregnant. They usually shrink after menopause.

Diagnosis

Fibroids are diagnosed with a pelvic examination and ultrasound. MRI or hysteroscopy may be used.

Treatment

Fibroids without symptoms may only need monitoring. Treatment options include medicines to control bleeding, hormonal treatment, removal of the fibroids (myomectomy), uterine artery embolisation or hysterectomy.

When to see a doctor

See a gynaecologist for heavy periods, pelvic pain or pressure, or difficulty getting pregnant.