Gallstones

Overview

The gallbladder is a small organ under the liver that stores bile. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Many people have no symptoms, but stones can cause pain or infection if they block a duct.

Symptoms

• Sudden pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen, often after fatty meals
• Pain that spreads to the right shoulder or back
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fever, or yellowing of the skin or eyes, if there are complications

Causes and risk factors

• Female sex and pregnancy
• Obesity or rapid weight loss
• Age over 40
• A family history of gallstones
• Diabetes

Diagnosis

An abdominal ultrasound is the main test. Blood tests and other imaging may be used to check for complications.

Treatment

Gallstones that cause no symptoms often need no treatment. Painful or complicated gallstones are usually treated by removing the gallbladder, commonly through laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if you have repeated upper abdominal pain. Seek urgent care for severe pain, fever with chills, or yellowing of the skin or eyes.