Overview
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when the valve between the food pipe (oesophagus) and the stomach does not close properly. Occasional heartburn is common, but frequent reflux can irritate the oesophagus and needs treatment.
Symptoms
- Burning feeling in the chest (heartburn), often after eating or when lying down
- Sour taste or regurgitation of food or liquid
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chronic cough, hoarseness or sore throat
Causes and risk factors
- Obesity
- Large or late meals
- Fatty, spicy or fried foods, caffeine and fizzy drinks
- Smoking
- Pregnancy
- Hiatal hernia
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often based on symptoms. An upper endoscopy may be recommended if symptoms are severe, long-lasting or come with warning signs.
Treatment
Lifestyle changes, such as smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, not eating late at night and losing excess weight, often help. Medicines that reduce stomach acid are commonly used. Surgery is rarely needed.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if heartburn happens more than twice a week. Seek care promptly for difficulty swallowing, weight loss, vomiting blood or black stools. Chest pain should always be checked, as it can be a sign of a heart problem.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
