Overview
The heart has four valves that keep blood flowing in the right direction. A valve may become narrow (stenosis) or leaky (regurgitation). Many valve problems can be treated with procedures or surgery.
Symptoms
- Shortness of breath, especially on exertion or lying flat
- Tiredness
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- Swelling of the ankles
- Dizziness or fainting
Causes and risk factors
Causes include age-related wear, rheumatic heart disease after untreated strep throat, heart defects present from birth, infection of the valves and heart attacks.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis uses a stethoscope examination, echocardiography, ECG and sometimes cardiac catheterisation.
Treatment
Treatment includes regular monitoring, medicines to manage symptoms, and valve repair or replacement by surgery or catheter procedures.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations or fainting. People with valve disease need regular heart checks.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
