Intellectual Disability

Overview

Intellectual disability ranges from mild to severe. With early support, education and therapy, people with intellectual disability can develop skills and live meaningful lives.

Signs

• Delayed milestones such as sitting, walking and talking
• Difficulty learning at school
• Difficulty understanding rules or consequences
• Difficulty with problem-solving and memory
• Need for help with daily activities

Causes and risk factors

Causes include genetic conditions such as Down syndrome and fragile X, problems during pregnancy or birth, infections, malnutrition, an underactive thyroid at birth and severe head injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by specialists through developmental and intelligence assessments, along with tests to find the cause.

Treatment

Support includes early intervention programmes, special education, speech and occupational therapy, behavioural support and help for families.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if your child is reaching milestones later than expected or struggling with learning.