Overview
Menopause is diagnosed after 12 months without a period. Hormone levels fall in the years before (perimenopause), which can cause symptoms. Treatment can help manage them.
Symptoms
- Irregular periods before they stop
- Hot flushes and night sweats
- Difficulty sleeping
- Mood changes and anxiety
- Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
- Reduced sex drive
- Joint aches and memory problems
Causes and risk factors
It is a natural part of ageing. Early menopause may follow surgery to remove the ovaries, cancer treatment or certain conditions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on age and symptoms. Blood tests may help in younger women.
Treatment
Options include lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), non-hormonal medicines and vaginal treatments. Bone health and heart health should also be looked after.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if symptoms affect daily life, if periods stop before 45, or for any bleeding after menopause.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.