Overview
In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation that can damage the joints over time. Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent joint damage.
Symptoms
- Pain, swelling and warmth in several joints, often the hands, wrists and feet
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- The same joints affected on both sides of the body
- Tiredness and sometimes a mild fever
Causes and risk factors
The cause is not fully known. Risk factors include female sex, a family history, smoking and middle age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on examination, blood tests such as rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies and markers of inflammation, and imaging of the joints.
Treatment
Treatment usually includes disease-modifying medicines that control inflammation and protect the joints, along with pain relief, physiotherapy and exercise.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have joint pain and swelling lasting several weeks, especially with morning stiffness.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
