Overview
Type 1 diabetes often starts in childhood or young adulthood but can appear at any age. It is not caused by diet or lifestyle. With insulin, regular monitoring and education, people with type 1 diabetes can lead full, active lives.
Symptoms
- Feeling very thirsty and passing urine often
- Weight loss despite eating normally
- Tiredness and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Bedwetting in a child who was previously dry
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fast breathing in diabetic ketoacidosis
Causes and risk factors
It is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys the insulin-making cells of the pancreas. A family history and certain genes increase the risk.
Diagnosis
Blood sugar and HbA1c tests confirm diabetes. Ketone tests and antibody tests help confirm type 1 diabetes.
Treatment
Treatment is lifelong insulin by injection or pump, regular glucose monitoring, carbohydrate awareness, physical activity and education on managing low sugar and illness. Regular checks protect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor promptly for excessive thirst, frequent urination and weight loss. Seek emergency care for vomiting, abdominal pain, fast breathing or drowsiness in someone with diabetes.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.