Overview
Typhoid is common in Pakistan, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has spread widely since 2016. Correct antibiotics, vaccination and safe food and water are essential.
Symptoms
- Fever that rises over several days and lasts
- Headache and body aches
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Weakness, tiredness and loss of appetite
- Confusion in severe cases
Causes and risk factors
It is caused by Salmonella Typhi and spreads through food or water contaminated with stool. Poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water increase the risk.
Diagnosis
A blood culture confirms the infection and shows which antibiotics will work. Rapid antibody tests are not reliable on their own.
Treatment
Treatment is a course of antibiotics chosen according to local resistance patterns. Complete the full course. Typhoid conjugate vaccine is recommended for children and travellers.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for fever lasting more than three days. Seek urgent care for severe abdominal pain, vomiting, blood in the stool or confusion.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
