Overview
Wernicke's encephalopathy is a medical emergency. If not treated quickly, it can lead to Korsakoff syndrome, which causes lasting memory problems.
Symptoms
- Confusion
- Unsteady walking and poor coordination
- Abnormal eye movements or double vision
- Severe memory loss and inventing stories to fill gaps (Korsakoff syndrome)
- Drowsiness
Causes and risk factors
Causes include long-term heavy alcohol use, severe malnutrition, prolonged vomiting including in pregnancy, weight-loss surgery and some cancers.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and examination. Blood tests and MRI may support the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment is urgent thiamine, usually by injection, followed by good nutrition and support to stop drinking. Rehabilitation helps memory problems.
When to see a doctor
Seek emergency care if someone at risk becomes confused, unsteady or has abnormal eye movements.
This information is for general education and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. For a medical emergency, call +92-51-8446666 or go to the nearest emergency department.
